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Christopher Jonathan James Nolan (; born 30 July 1970)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.biography.com/people/christopher-nolan-20881457 )〕 is an English-American film director, screenwriter, and producer. His nine films have grossed over US$4.2 billion worldwide and garnered a total of 26 Oscar nominations and seven awards. Having made his directorial debut with ''Following'' (1998), Nolan gained considerable attention for his second feature, ''Memento'' (2000). The acclaim of these independent films gave Nolan the opportunity to make the big-budget thriller ''Insomnia'' (2002), and the mystery drama ''The Prestige'' (2006). He found further popular and critical success with the ''The Dark Knight Trilogy'' (2005–2012), ''Inception'' (2010) and ''Interstellar'' (2014). Nolan has co-written several of his films with his brother, Jonathan Nolan, and runs the production company Syncopy Inc. with his wife Emma Thomas. Nolan's films are rooted in philosophical, sociological and ethical concepts, exploring human morality, the construction of time, and the malleable nature of memory and personal identity. His body of work is permeated by metafictive elements, temporal shifts, solipsistic perspectives, nonlinear storytelling, practical special effects, and analogous relationships between visual language and narrative elements. ==Early life== Nolan was born in London. His English father, Brendan James Nolan, was an advertising executive, and his American mother, Christina (née Jensen), worked as a flight attendant and English teacher.〔〔("Can't get him out of our heads" ) ''The Age''; retrieved 10 April 2011.〕 His childhood was split between London and Chicago, and he has both British and American citizenship. He has an older brother, Matthew, and a younger brother, Jonathan. He began making films at age seven, borrowing his father's Super 8 camera and shooting short films with his action figures.〔("Nolan's move from Highgate to Hollywood" ). ''Evening Standard'' (London). Retrieved 10 April 2011.〕 Growing up, Nolan was a great admirer of ''Star Wars'' (1977), and around the age of eight he made a stop motion animation homage called ''Space Wars''. His uncle who worked at NASA, building guidance systems for the Apollo rockets, sent him some launch footage. "I re-filmed them off the screen and cut them in, thinking no-one would notice," Nolan later remarked.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Christopher Nolan’s final frontier )〕 From the age of 11, he aspired to be a professional filmmaker.〔 Nolan was educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College, an independent school in Hertford Heath, Hertfordshire, and later read English literature at University College London (UCL). He chose UCL specifically for its filmmaking facilities, which comprised a Steenbeck editing suite and 16 mm film cameras.〔Tempest, M. (I was there at the Inception of Christopher Nolan's film career ) ''The Guardian film blog'', 24 February 2011; retrieved 21 September 2011.〕 Nolan was president of the Union's Film Society,〔 and with Emma Thomas (his girlfriend and future producer) he screened 35 mm feature films during the school year and used the money earned to produce 16 mm films over the summers. During his college years, Nolan made two short films. The first was the surreal 8 mm ''Tarantella'' (1989), which was shown on ''Image Union'' (an independent film and video showcase on the Public Broadcasting Service). The second was ''Larceny'' (1995), filmed over a weekend in black and white with a limited cast, crew, and equipment. Funded by Nolan and shot with the society's equipment, it appeared at the Cambridge Film Festival in 1996 and is considered one of UCL's best shorts. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Christopher Nolan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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